1: There are various methods, and it can depend on which elements you specifically want to separate. For simple clouds vs. terrain you can use the Render Surface and Render Atmosphere check boxes in the Planet node. For only atmosphere, you could disable the clouds, and assign a full coverage top-level black shader to the surface shader of the planet. Some elements will take some ingenuity to separate out. We'll be providing better tools in this area in the future.
2: All file formats that are supposed for normal saves are supported for sequence rendering. This should be: BMP, TIFF, RGB/SGI, EXR
3: I think it's actually 32bit/channel, but 16bit/channel at the least.
4: Meters, in almost all cases (where distance is measured, at least; some things are not distance measurements, e.g. color values). This is not currently configurable, i.e. it is *the* unit of measure, not just the "default".
5: Soon.
- Oshyan