Hi..
I see no reason why not.
Use Add terrain to load the heightfield in.
Apply your preferred surfaces ...
Use an orthographic camera facing down to render the resulting terrain. You may need to adjust the Ortho Width on the camera to achieve your desired result. (Make sure your Sun is at 90 degs, i e. vertical, unless you want shadows. )
Set your render to your desired pixel size...and if you are really going to go with 16K squared bitmap, prepare to wait a while while it renders. You will most likely need to be running the 64 bit version and have plenty of RAM to complete the process.
This is a bit sketchy but should get you most of the way there.
Hope this helps a bit.
Rgds
Chris
Edit...
I'm not sure if your desired result is to increase the resolution of your heightfield for your target program. If it is you may want to investigate alternative resizing of the bitmap. E.G load bitmap into photoshop or similar and change image size, there are are options for how the resulting bitmap is created with regard to interpolation from the old image to the new.