j meyer,
I think I can offer a solution to your 3-axis projection problem:
[attachimg=1]
I also attached the TGD and images used for the camera projection.
And actually, you might also want to put in a 'clamp 0 1 scalar' in there after the last 'subtract scalar'. It might prevent unwanted behavior for certain things.
But really, you can control the density of your clouds in a much better way using blue nodes and some high-school level analytic geometry along with 'smooth step scalar' nodes and whatnot. You can use formulas for cones, circles, spheres, parabolas, or whatever.
I am getting ready to share how I did my waterfall and I will make a couple of screen recording videos along with voice to explain some of the ideas. Some of that might be helpful for this fumarole kind of thing as well. You can shape the density of or mask your clouds in all sorts of interesting ways if you get into the blue nodes.