OK, I found a way!!!!!!
Since I saw, that from a certain displacement amount on, the shadow is cut off, I decreased the value, which made the arch of course a little straighter and positioned too low.
So I moved it up slightly and got what you see on image one. An amputee.
Now I thought, the best way to continue would be to stay calm, sit back, analyze the problem, think logically and eliminate everything that could possibly cause the problem.
Instead I called my computer names, screamed all naughty (four letters-) words, that came into my mind (we germans like to use words with more letters!), hit any button I could find, and moved desperately sliders up and down. Or right and left. And I threw some things around.
I can't really remember, but I must have accidentally fumbled around in the "sorting bias" area... Typing in another value fixed the problem, and my arch regrew again. With a proper shadow. Looking good.
Well, I'm happy, that it worked, but this doesn't make any sense, does it?
So, I have a distorted and crippled arch, and "sorting bias" fixes it?
However, I'm happy with it now. No dirty tricks.