OK, your project loads alright here. The missing node names appear to just be related to the zoom level. Zoom in and they should appear. There are a lot of disconnected nodes in the Shaders area and I am not sure if they are supposed to be that way, or if the project got corrupted.
As far as the population issue, I see two problems, and I am not sure if they are due to something you accidentally did, or some kind of odd project corruption.
First, the populator had no object connected to it as the "Object maker". Usually this is an object inside the Populator node and connected to its "Object maker" node input. You had an object in this scene that is *outside* the Populator, and again not connected to the Object maker input of the Populator. So that's problem 1.
Second, if I connect the only object in the scene to the Populator Object Maker input, it doesn't work because the object is moved away from the 0,0,0 coordinate origin. This is a problem for the populator. Moving that object back to 0,0,0 seems to fix it all for me (once it is connected to the Object Maker input on the Populator, of course). However I am unsure if A: this is actually the object you intended to use for the populator and B: whether you moved the object out of the Populator node for some reason, and C: whether you moved the object's physical location from 0,0,0 and if so why.
Also would be good to know, as I mentioned previously, why you had "Repopulate on every frame" enabled.
- Oshyan