Abs Colour produces absolute values across the red, green and blue channels, effectively making each a positive number by negating the negative values.
This example uses a colour source that produces positive and negative values in the three colour channels. Colour channels may have values greater or lower than the visible range of 0 to 1, hence the black areas in the top preview panel. This pattern is then used as a vector displacement map which in turn displaces a Plane Object to show displacement in three directions.
When we insert an Abs Colour node, all negative colours become positive.
If there's any errors, omissions or questions about the above, please leave a comment and we will add further details in this post when relevant.
https://planetside.co.uk/wiki/index.php?title=Abs_Colour