Here is a test project with two populations. The population on the left does not use a cache, and the one on the right does.
When I open this, I can populate the population on the left and edit it. But I cannot edit the loaded population on the right. However, if I repopulate it or resave the cache, I can edit it.
The issue appears when a file with existing cached populations is opened. The cached populations can't be edited until they are repopulated.
I'm using 4.4.45 but it also occurred with 4.4.44. Not sure about earlier versions.