Hi James,
I don't know what's causing this but we'll try to solve it. We should test the possibility that it's caused by the imported objects and populations in your scene. It could be - maybe - that disabling them is not having the same effect as fully deleting them.
Can you try the following?
1. The next time you see this slowdown, delete the populations (and any other imported object nodes). See if that changes anything for the better (e.g. RAM use, slowdown).
2. Save another version of your project after you deleted the populations and imported objects. Restart Terragen and load the version of the project where these things are deleted. If possible, continue working with this version for a while, and do some renders just like you have been so far (but without the objects). See if this changes anything for the better.