The background sphere radius is also -2e+08 so if you're outside it, you would be able to see inside due to it's inverted radius, but it would also mess things up. THis happened to me once, but it was more chaotic then your example, so probably just a point of origin issue, I guess.
Though I did a planetary solar system mock a long time ago at true scales, where as the "solar system bubble" (background sphere) was -1.4373e14 and was able to render out stills. I never did get to animate this as I was on freeware and my backup HDD is corrupted. Need to send it in for recovery cause I've tried every tool I can think of down to boot-time command line tools. Anyways, just saying wonder if you clipped the background sphere.