Thanks, Kevin: I tried the camera projection before I posted and abandoned it because it didn't improve the render.
That looks much like what I have been getting. But it's still out of focus because the projected image is close to twice the size it should be.
In the attached cropped image, I rotated Jupiter so my render shows a view of a recognizable feature - The Great Red Spot. Juxtaposed to the left is an actual image of Jupiter as obtained by the Galileo probe, also with the GRS in view. It's far smaller than the one in the render.
Reducing the image size and / or increasing planet radius doesn't seem to make any difference, except to make it worse.