This sounds very much like the EON books by Greg bear. There was a competition a year or two over on CGTalk forum to illustrate the hollowed out cylinder world (dimensions look similar to yours). Take a look over there, there were some awesome (and not so) renders some using TG. It should be possible in TG but I'm certainty's not the one to ask. The hardest part I would think would be the atmosphere and cloud settings. These would have to be the reverse of every other 3D app out there with the thickest part of the atmosphere both at ground level and beyond the "long sun" on the opposite side of the cylinder.
Good luck with this one I have been waiting to see a truly convincing cylinder world render.
Richard