The difference between dawn and dusk is probably the temperature of the air, affecting the refraction index. At dawn, the air is still cool, while at dusk the air would be warmer from 16 hours of exposure to the sun.
The warmer air might reflect the red colour from higher up in the sky, so at dusk the sky has more red in it, while dawn has more cold colours like yellowish reds. And some hazy whiteness as TU suggested.