Looks good so far!
The grain is not from the atmosphere but from the clouds.
256 samples for atmosphere is much, but you shouldn't go much lower probably.
128 cloud samples? Says "nothing"...the detail-value is what's important, so what's that?
For a render like this you'd need detail values >1. Maybe even something around 3.
Difficult to say though, since it depends on density and depth of the cloud (play around with these and you'll understand why samples aren't key for quality, but detail-setting is).
I'd suggest to reduce the atmo-samples to ~192 and increase the quality of your cloudlayer by 50% at least. Do a crop render and keep increasing if necessary.
Cheers,
Martin