Using the 'colour function' of the shader doesn't really give you any results because that colour(I assume) has to travel through the atmosphere etc. before it reaches the camera. I never see colour from this method, anyway.
If I need to use an image background, I'd put it into the 'luminosity function' of the 'default shader' I use for the background node, that way you'll see it show up in the preview/render windows.
* Using 'ray trace everything' isn't a good idea if you're doing this, especially for stars, they're so small and the background sphere doesn't benefit from the ray tracer, your stars won't show up. *