https://news.developer.nvidia.com/ai-can-now-fix-your-grainy-photos-by-only-looking-at-grainy-photos/
I wouldn't be surprised if some render engines begin to use them in the future for rendering too (not only for denoising).
I called this! Almost half a decade ago I called this with deep image processing with AI. The fact that unsupervised AI could envision what should be in the image meant that with revision, and special attention to pixel setups, could increase quality of a image that was grainy. I can see that this is using a combination of "something" with with the Waifu principle which also uses the Google AI: http://waifu2x.udp.jp/ The technique has been used to upscale anime from 4:3 380p film, to HD BluRay releases without extraneous post-processing and painting.
Additionally this algorithm could be used to compress images/video for applications/games/etc. A certain (probably custom) compression could be used which the algorithm can almost perfectly repair.