Cool work Hannes
I like the way you created the lighting setup.
My first choice would also be to use a cloud layer and use the depth or density to control how much of the shadow are visible.
This works nice too
For the droplets on the lens you could try positioning a tiny plane just before the camera (up to 10cm or so?) and place your transparent droplet texture on that.
Then enabling the DoF in the renderer you can create more correct results for this.
It remains to be seen how well visible it is, because unlike many people think, stuff on the front lens isn't causing troubles as often as one thinks.
The last element before the sensor/film, that one needs to be stupendously clean.
So if you'd ever buy a second-hand camera/lens and there's a tiny scratch on the front lens then say "I pay x euro less because of the scratch" while in real life the scratch barely causes visible isssues
Anyway, it's perhaps a nice idea to play with if you like and if you don't mind the added rendertime.
Cheers,
Martin