Ok I think my issue issue is the displacement (via PF) on the sphere. Turning off the displacement reduced render time from 3 hours to 7 mins. Is this expected? Rendering the displaced sphere without glass shader is very quick (minutes).
Another observation, using a sphere object, changing subsurface scatter in all directions (Beta) nearly tripled render time for no noticeable change in appearance. I know this was intended for use in thin/complex objects, but it's a worthwhile setting to check if actually necessary.