OK, that's pretty big. About 2 pixels/mile at the equator. (For an earth-size planet.) Are you sure you need that much resolution?
If you are rasterizing a vector shape, it will be black and white, right? And you'll use it as a mask to create the continent shapes?
Just as a quick test I took an old water mask that I had and enlarged it to 50000 x 25000. This began its life as a high-resolution raster so there is lots of detail. The resulting maximum-quality jpeg is 106 MB.
(Maybe I'm not understanding what you are trying to do.)