1) Yes, overall quality affects the detail of objects as well.
2) Yes, the "redding" of the moon is caused by refraction in the atmosphere. You can see this when the moon is high in the sky and looks white/grey, but when it gets lower to the horizon, it has more atmosphere to pass through, and so it tends to look redder and redder the closer it gets.
3) Feel free to correct me if I'm wrong
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